Book Proposal

Sun System Administrator Certification

Concept

Title

This book is currently a work in progress. Our working title is “SCSA: Solaris 7 Certification in a Nutshell” In hopes that O’Reilly will act as our publisher.

Contents

This book will contain information on the format and content of the Sun Certified Systems Administrator (SCSA) certification exams. Our target version of the Solaris OS is version 7 (recently renamed from version 2.7), however the book will also contain information on earlier versions of the exams. The exams for this version will first become available in April. Practice exams and computerized testing software will be included. This book will also contain general information on the Sun certification program.

Solaris Administrator Certification Exams I & II

This book will review the material covered on the two exams that candidates must pass in order to be awarded Sun Certified Solaris Administrator (SCSA) credentials. The reader will be able to use this book, and the accompanying software, to measure their abilities and knowledge against Sun’s requirements for certification. Those planning on taking the tests can study this book and take the practice tests until they are confident in their ability to pass the SCSA examinations. This will reduce the chances that they will waste time and money retaking the tests. Those who have no need for official certification can use this book to evaluate their Solaris skills without having to go through the actual certification procedure.

At the time of publication, the most recent version of Solaris will be Solaris 7. Many companies maintain platforms of older versions of Solaris, and Sun continues to offer the older certification exams. Therefore, we will include information on the older versions of the exams, and how they are different.

The Sun Certification Program

This book will also briefly cover the reasons why individuals or organizations should be interested in obtaining Sun certification for themselves or their employees.

Software

We are designing a simple Java-based practice exam with a similar look and feel to the actual exams. We will include enough test questions to mix and match from each of the sections so that the user can take each practice exam several times with only minimal duplication. The book can contain instructions to download the testing software and the Java Runtime Environment, or a CD-ROM may be included. We will also include instructions for obtaining a free copy of Solaris X86 for those who do not have access to Sun hardware.

Audience

The ideal reader for this book is technically competent and experienced in the use of the Unix (but not necessarily the Solaris brand) operating system. Those without strong Unix backgrounds may use this book in conjunction with additional texts or a classroom environment.

Current Solaris Administrators

Even highly experienced Solaris administrators will be interested in this book for several reasons:

If they do not intend to take the tests, they may still want to review the requirements for the tests in order to affirm that their own skills match the Sun certification standards. This book will give them an excellent opportunity to do just that without the expense of actually taking the exams.

It will also give them the opportunity to take a computerized test, very similar in form and content to the actual Sun exams. This will satisfy their curiosity concerning what their actual score would be if they were to ever actually take the exams.

A current Solaris administrator may want to review for the Sun exams so they can add SCSA credentials to their resume. This will give them objective proof of their skills, allowing them to command higher wages from their current employer. It will also make them generally more valuable in the market place should they seek employment elsewhere.

This book will be an ideal tool to study for the exams, allowing experienced readers to quickly become confident that they are ready to take the test. Since they will already know the majority of the material, an instructor-taught course would be an unnecessary expenditure of their time and money.

Experienced non-Solaris Unix Administrators

Non-Solaris Unix administrators may want to take the SCSA exams in order to prove that experience in a different flavor of Unix translates into Solaris experience. This book would be an ideal tool for them to review the Solaris specific techniques before taking the exam. SCSA credentials also represent knowledge of Unix in general, as this is obviously a requirement for understanding the specific brand of Unix that is Solaris.

Less Experienced Unix Administrators

The SCSA credentials are the perfect opportunity for the knowledgeable Solaris Administrator with little or no job experience to prove that they can do the job. The package of a review book and testing software is the perfect solution for them to prepare for the exams, especially if they are currently seeking employment, and can not afford an expensive review class.

MCSE Administrators in Heterogeneous Environments

Large cross-platform networks are becoming increasingly more common. While Windows systems have become the default GUI environment, their failings in scalability and reliability are becoming increasingly evident to the business community. As a business grows, it reaches a point where the best solution for the continued growth of its Intranet is to add Unix file and print servers. Many of the current and future MCSE qualified administrators will soon be facing a need to learn the Unix environment in order to implement cross platform solutions. Since Solaris is the major corporate Unix player, it is natural for these administrators to seek Solaris certification to complement their MCSE credentials. Dual certification in NT and Unix makes them far more valuable in this market of increasingly heterogeneous networks.

Persons without Unix Experience

A person with no experience, desiring to become a Solaris Administrator, will doubtless buy other books and take courses in Unix administration. They will also, however, want to have a clear picture of the goal towards which they are working. Since the SCSA exams represent an objective measurement of Solaris skills, a book about these exams can paint an excellent picture of their final goal. Although most will need to seek more detailed information sources, this review book and testing software can be used as a good measure of progress. The practice tests are especially useful if they are educating themselves by reading books and do not have the feedback available in a classroom setting.

Employers

Those currently employing Solaris Administrators may require their employees to add SCSA credentials to their resumes. This will make the corporate profile look more impressive, and will give the employer third party affirmation that their employees know their jobs. A book that allows review of the exam material and self-testing is a cheap purchase compared to a class that would not only be more expensive but would also take up more of their employee’s time.

A review book, with specific points of necessary knowledge clearly outlined, also makes a kind of executive summary. The less technically experienced employer can use this to better evaluate an employee’s knowledge.

Purpose

Help Candidates Review for Exams

The purpose of this book is to allow the reader to review the requirements for obtaining SCSA credentials, and obtain a clear picture of what their score will be when they take the real exams.

Market Potential

Demand

As Outlined above, the audience for this book falls into the following categories:

·        Experienced Solaris Administrators

·        Experienced Non-Solaris Unix Administrators

·        New Unix Administrators

·        Persons seeking to become Unix Administrators

·        MCSE certified NT administrators wishing to develop heterogeneous skills

·        Employers of Unix administrators

Neither of us has the skill to do a detailed market analysis predicting how many people in each of these categories will buy this book. We do know that 150,000+ people now have MCSE credentials, and that such certification is becoming a corporate norm. We also know that most system administrators, to be competitive in the market, are developing both NT and Unix experience in order to administer heterogeneous environments. Since Solaris is the most common corporate Unix environment, it only stands to reason that SCSA credentials will soon become very common. Demand for study materials should currently be high, but the competition in the field of SCSA exam preparation books is still virtually nonexistent.

Competition

Currently there is no effective competition in this market.

Sun Educational Material (non competitive)

Material available from Sun on the SCSA program falls into three categories:

·        Freely Available

·        Self Study Material for purchase (approximately $1000.00 per exam)

·        Instructor Lead course (approximately $2000.00 per exam)

None of these sources represent a product competing with this book:

The free material will be summarized in the text of our book. Sources to obtain this information and the procedures to register for the tests will be clearly outlined. This will make our book a clearer and more complete guide to SCSA exam information than any information on Sun’s web pages.

The self-study materials from Sun are priced at around $1000.00 per exam. This makes our likely price tag of under $50.00 very competitive. It is quite likely that anyone spending the full $2000.00 for the Sun materials will also be willing to buy one or more additional $50.00 books covering the same material. This makes some of the Sun self-study material customers our customers as well. The same argument applies to the instructor lead classes which cost about $4000.00 for both exams.

Other Books (not yet available)

A search of the Amazon catalog on the topic of SCSA books yields only one title: “Solaris 2.6 Administrator Certification Training Guide” by Bill Calkins - MacMillan Techincal Pub; ISBN: 157870085X. - It has been delayed, and the current release date is in April. The listed author, Bill Calkins, is a systems administrator in Michigan with no special credentials linking him to the Sun certification program.

Even if this other book is the first to market, it is not listed as containing testing software. This makes our book a more complete product. Also, a search of other books purchased by persons purchasing certification exam review books often show that they purchased more than one title. It is not known what the percentage of overlap is, but clearly some percentage of the other book’s customers will also be our customers. It is also note worthy that the Solaris 2.7 (renamed Solaris 7) exams will also be ready in April, so this competing book will be obsolete immediately upon release, both in its 2.6 target operating system and its 2.x numbering format. Our book will target the Solaris 7 exams. Since at least one other publisher believes there is a market for this book, it is likely that more will follow shortly. If O’Reilly wants to have a competitive line of exam prep books, a book on this topic should be included.

Software (no competition)

We are in the process of creating a simple Java computerized practice exam. It will be similar in look and feel to the actual Sun exams. This can be marketed as being useful for diminishing test anxiety by allowing candidates to get a real feel for the computerized testing procedure when they take the practice examinations. No competing software is currently available for SCSA exam preparation.

Sun Number Format Changes

This is also an ideal time for O’Reilly to get into the SCSA Certification market because of the changes in number format which Sun recently introduced. Solaris 2.7 is now called Solaris 7. The only competing Solaris certification text (not yet released) is already being marketed with a 2.X name. O’Reilly could be one of the first publishers to market with books bearing the new version number format.

Production

Schedule

We have broken down the project into 6 sections. Each of these sections is approximately equal in time requirement. The five sections to be completed are:

·        Study Available Exam I Materials & Write Exam I Review Text

·        Researching Exam I Questions  & Create Exam I Sample Test Questions

·        Study Available Exam II Materials & Write Exam II Review Text

·        Research Exam II Questions & Create Exam II Sample Test Questions

·        Upgrade work as necessary for the Solaris 7 Exams (ready in April)

·        Code Java Testing Software

With part time work by both Authors, none of these parts should take much longer than 3 weeks to complete. If the editing and review process can be handled concurrently to our work, not much additional time should be required. It should also be noted that the first section is already well under way. All this leads us to believe that August 1st represents a realistic goal for our completion of this product. Additional time requirements for production and delivery to the market are unknown to us.

Available Tools

·        Sun Ultra I Work Station

·        Documentation for Same

·        The man Pages for Solaris 2.6 and Solaris 2.7 (Renamed Solaris 7)

·        Solaris 2.6 Exam Materials from Sun

·        The Actual 2.6 Exams (We are taking the exams ourselves, and have access to a large group of friends and co-workers who have taken them or will be taking them over the next few months.)

·        Solaris 7 Exam Materials and Actual Exams (We will be ordering these materials and taking these exams as soon as they become available in April. Most changes to the OS are purely cosmetic, but we will be reviewing the new tests closely so we can include specific information on any changes.)

Format

We estimate this book to be a hardcover in the 400+ page range with a US$50.00 or less price tag. All text and illustrations can be in black and white. It could quite easily be split into two books covering Exam I and Exam II respectively. In this case, each would be less than 250 pages, have a soft cover, and a US$25.0 or less cover price. Advantages to splitting it into two books are a possibly higher cover price to production cost ratio, and an earlier release date for the first part. Drawbacks are less impulse buy revenue potential, first volume only sales, and the chance that a larger competing book might seem more complete.

Author Introductions

The authors of this book are Alexander Marsh and Sean Hastings. We have included a short introduction by each of us along with an explanation of why we are writing this book together. Please contact us by sending email to suncertbooks@islebyte.com, if you are interested in publishing this book, or require any additional information. 

Alexander Marsh

I have been a cross platform systems administrator for several years. My current employer, Collective Technologies Inc. recently became interested in having me obtain SCSA qualifications in addition to my MCSE credentials. I began looking around for a book to help me review for these exams. I was sorry to see that there were no books on the topic.

When I could not find a book on the subject from any publisher, I took on the project of writing an html text that would be available to other Collective Technology employees. Many of us are currently, or soon will be, studying for these exams. While doing this, I happened to speak with my old friend Sean Hastings who was reviewing for the Java certification exams. He mentioned that he had been looking at exam prep books and said he could write a better book than what was available for Java certification.

The idea clicked. We could write an exam preparation book. Since I had already compiled a good number of notes, and begun questioning those who had previously taken the Solaris exams, we decided to work on the SCSA exam book first.

Sean Hastings

I am an experienced Java programmer and technical writer. I don’t know why this is a strange combination, but for some reason it seems to be uncommon. Apparently, most people who can write code can’t write English. One is thought to be a science and the other an art form. I think each is a little bit of both. I guess I just like the idea of being the atypical artist-scientist hyphenate.

I had been toying with the idea of writing a preparation book about the upcoming Java 2 Platform exams for some time. The books I studied to obtain Java 1.1 certification were poorly written and full of errors. The only one that actually included a computerized practice exam used the same exact questions as had been given at the end of each chapter. This made it impossible for the reader to get a good feel as to whether they had actually learned the material, or merely remembered the answers.

When Alex mentioned that he was compiling information for the SCSA study guide, we talked about my desire to write a good exam prep book. The SCSA Exams seemed a better place to start than Java because of the growing potential and lack of current competition.

Why Us

We are committed to writing this book. It would be the first book for either of us, but we certainly feel up to the task. We both have a reasonable grasp of written English, and we are both IT professionals who have taken, or are in the process of taking, these exams. We are the people for whom these exams were actually designed. This means that we probably have a better feel for what the target reader really wants than any Ph.D. teaching CIS courses at a major university, or even the guys at Sun who actually wrote the exams. We have access to a large group of friends and co-workers who have taken, or will shortly be taking these exams. We also have a long time friendship. This relationship allows us to work closely, combining our separate skills into a single effort, without any ego issues getting in the way.

Sean Hastings

Alexander Marsh

January 26, 1999

Outline

The meat of this outline was created from a point by point description of the Exam requirements on the Sun educational web pages. Some rearrangement was done so that related topics are covered in the same chapters, and dependant concepts appear only after the required knowledge is first covered. Thought was also given to explaining the differences of Solaris vs. other flavors of Unix. All the required points will receive ample coverage. Illustrations will mostly consist of screen captures and pictures of a Sun workstation and connections to peripheral devices.

Table of Contents

Introduction

About the exams

Registering to Take the Exams

Testing Procedures

Format of Exams

General Topics

Your SCSA Credentials

About the book

Prerequisites

Layout of Information

About the Testing Software

Installing the Java Runtime Environment

Installing the Testing Software

Using the Testing Software

About the authors

Alexander Marsh

Sean Hastings

Exam I

1. Basic System Concepts

Components of the OS

Common Shells

Multitasking vs. Multiuser

Client-Server

Basic System Terms

Exercises

2. Standalone Installation

Configurations, Clusters, and Packages

Hardware Requirements

Preparing an Existing System

Conventional Installation

Browser Based Installation

Exercises

3. Booting

OpenBoot PROM

Recording Configuration Information

Setting the Boot Device

Hardware Testing

Booting From Multiple Devices

Exercises

4. User Level Security

The id Command

The superuser Account

The sysadmin Group

Changing Owner

Changing Group

The who and last Commands

The /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group Files

Protecting superuser Access

Exercises

5. Adding Users and Software

Admintool

Creating Groups

Creating Users

Setting the Environment

Changing the Password

Password Aging

Locking an Account

Deleting an Account

Adding and Removing Packages

Exercises

6. Package Administration

Displaying Package Information

Adding a Package

Removing a Package

Obtaining Patches

Verification of Installed Patches

Installation of Patches

Backing out Patches

Exercises

7. Initialization Files

The .profile File

Maintaining the /etc/profile File

Customized Templates

Customized Initialization Files

Exercises

8. Permissions

Displaying and Changing

Access Control Lists

The setuid and setgid Commands

Sticky Permissions

Exercises

9. CDE

The Login Manager

The Session Manager

Environment variables

The Front Panel

Actions and Data Types

The Application Manager

Programming With dtksh

Exercises

10. File System Concepts

Defining Disk Geometry

Displaying Device Configurations

Slice Definition

Definition and Contents

Mounting and Displaying

Displaying Disk Space Usage

Displaying Directory Size

Displaying User’s Disk Usage

Exercises

11. File System Management

Creating File Systems

Checking File Systems

Virtual File Systems

Virtual Disk Management

Solstice DiskSuite

Veritas Volume Manager

Concatenation

Striping

Exercises

12. Scripts

Shell Script Types

Shell Variables

Arguments

Quoting Techniques

Redirection and Pipes

Exit Status

The if Statement

The for Statement

The case Statement

Shell Functions

Standard Scripts

Debugging Scripts

Exercises

13. Networks

Internetwork Terms

IP Addressing Classes

Configuration Files

Logged In Users

Remote Commands

Copying Files

Security Issues

Testing With ping and spray

The netstat Command

Exercises

14. LP Print Service

Supported Operating Systems

Print Service Functions

Print Servers and Clients

Local and Remote Printers

The terminfo Database

Admintool Pinter Functions

The lp Command

The lpstat Command

The cancel Command

The lpadmin Command

Environmental Variables

The lpmove Command

Assigning Request Priorities

Stopping and Starting

Exercises

15. Process Control

The ps Command

The kill Command

The at Command

The cron Daemon

The crontab file

Control crontab Access

Scheduling Backups

Exercises

16. Backup and Recovery

The ufsdump Utility

The ufsrestore Utility

Recovering root or /usr File System

The tar Utility

The mt Utility

The cpio Utility

The dd Utility

Exercises

17. Devices

Terms and Definitions

Serial Devices

Locating the Serial Ports

Types of Modem Access

Data Devices

Terminals

Bidirectional Modems

The tip Command

Exercises

18. Service Access Facility

Top-level Process

Starting sac

Port Monitors

Services

Port Settings

The sacadm Command

The pmadm Command

The ttyadm Command

Exercises

Practice Exam I

Exam II

1. The Network Environment

Network capabilities

Network Terminology

Hardware Configurations

File System Configuration

Exercises

2. Installing a Server

The Installation Process

Space Requirements

Hardware Requirements

Packages and Clusters

Cluster Options

Interactive Installation Program

Exercises

3. Solstice AdminSuite

Capabilities

Installing Solstice

Installing Disk Suite

Host Manager

Storage manager

Database Manager

Serial Port manager

User Manager

Group Manager

Printer manager

Exercises

4. The Boot PROM

Using nvalias

Using nvunalias

The eeprom Command

The boot Command

The keyboard Command

Exercises

5. The Boot Process

Run Levels

Boot Phases

The /sbin/init Program

The autoconfiguration Process

Adding startup Files

The Kernel Modules

Exercises

6. Run Levels

Halting a System

Changing Run Levels

The init and shutdown Commands

Exercises

7. Device Configuration and Naming

Identification Structure

Physical Devices

Logical Devices

Disk Devices and Interfaces

The instance Device

The prtconf Command

The /etc/path_to_inst File

Exercises

8. Disks, Partitions, and Format

Solstice DiskSuite

Disk Labels

Partitions and Slices

The prtvtoc Command

Partitionioning Disks

Customized Partition Tables

Exercises

9. The File Systems

The necessity of fsck

Checking and Repairing

Types

UFS

Exercises

10. Mounting File Systems

Mounting and Unmounting

Specifying Type

Disabling largefiles Option

Automatic Mounting

Swap File Systems

Exercises

11. Configuring the NFS Environment

Server and Client

File Sharing

Availability

Internet Access

The /etc/dfs/dfstab File

Remote Mounting

The /etc/vfstab File

Client Mount Resources

Sharing and Mounting

Exercises

12. Using automount

The benefits of automount

The automount Maps

Setting up automount

The automountd Daemon

Exercises

13. Naming Services

Authentication Vs. Authorization

NIS+ Security Levels

NIS+ Authorization

Configuration

Concept

Availability

DNS

NIS

Configuring NIS

Function of NIS+

Table Objects

Exercises

14. Adding Network Clients

Server Requirements

Adding Support

Creating an OS Server

The Host Manager

Exercises

15. JumpStart - Automatic Installation

Description

Network Components

Automatic Configuration

Install Servers

Boot Servers

The Configuration Directory

Install Clients

Exercises

16. Network-Attached Devices

The Concept

Terminal Servers

Terminal Concentrators

Printers

Exercises

Practice Exam II

Appendixes

Appendix A – Answers

Chapter Exercises

Practice Exam I

Practice Exam II

Appendix B – Bibliography and Links

Index